Showing posts with label exhibitions. Show all posts
Showing posts with label exhibitions. Show all posts

30 January 2019

CAUGHT BETWEEN A ROCK AND A GLASS CASE: WHY THE CORRECT ANSWER DOESN'T MATTER

A Musse Bouche | Jordan Fee


As a student who finds himself at the crossroads of Museum Studies and Food Studies, I am lucky to work in a butcher’s shop. I will immediately acknowledge the fact that a business like this may not be everyone’s favourite– I myself have grappled many times with my own feelings about the agricultural industry. Nevertheless, I do find that this space gives me an opportunity to interact with people and develop an understanding of how people interact with what they eat.

Source (Note: This is not the store that I work in. This store is in Spain.)

Recently, I have begun to see that parts of my job involve practices and processes that also exist in cultural institutions. (Note: Check out another article published earlier in the week by Selin about different types of displays outside of the museum!) Like in a museum, we display items in glass cases that are then assessed by those who enter into the shop. People ask questions about where the products have come from and use their imaginations to devise an approach. I have also conducted a number of ‘tours’, where I take time to explain to customers what it is that we offer and how that relates to the business's philosophy. This essentially amounts to our mission statement, and like in a museum, most people working with me may call it forth in a matter of seconds.

Source. (Note: No furniture was harmed in the making of this article)
About one month ago, I had an interaction with a customer that I have since been unable to forget. A mother walked in with her young child and approached the section of the store where we sell poultry, amongst a few other things. The child saw something that she did not understand and pointing at this item, she asked what it was. Her mother, sensing that the answer to this question might disturb her child, provided her with an incorrect answer. I should clarify here that the mother was entirely aware of what the item actually was. She chose to provide the information that she felt comfortable providing, and I would never judge a person for doing that. I would never even question such a thing. However, all of a sudden, the child turned to me and asked me what it was.

Source.

Most of the time, we believe that authenticity and honesty are things that people expect from their visit to the museum – that there is a fundamental desire to see “the real thing”. We are happy to provide facts and talk at length about the assigned meaning of things. But is our mode of understanding these objects really better than others? Are the values assigned to these objects meaningful to everyone? Or is it possible that we have been fooling ourselves?

In the moment when I was asked by that child about this object on display, I was caught between what I knew to be true and what the mother wanted for her child. She wanted their day together to be characterized by happiness, not by confusion. To her, providing her child with the ‘correct’ answer was not important; what was important was their spending time together shopping at stores in the market. I would also like to note that, as the conversation progressed between the three of us, the young girl kept asking questions that seemed to imply that she knew that we were lying to her. Her line of reasoning was very logical, and we found it more and more difficult to obscure the truth.

In the end, both left the store with the true answer still left unsaid. But ultimately, I am happy that this interaction provided a pair of individuals with the opportunity to ask each other questions, and to further develop their own understanding of one another. In situations like this, the ‘authentic’, the ‘honest’ and the ‘correct’ are negligible. What is important is how these two acted out their own respective roles and had a conversation about the object. Both left the store content, and I have seen them both many times since. Had I felt the need to tell this young woman the ‘correct’ answer, this might not have been the case.

I believe that this story can serve as a lesson to museum professionals. Yes, it is true that the information that we possess in regard to our objects is both useful and meaningful. And yes, it is also true that a butcher's shop is ultimately quite different from a museum. However, we need to accept the fact that what we consider to be meaningful may actually be entirely meaningless to another person. If we can acknowledge this, then we can begin to incorporate it into our practices. Of course, I am not encouraging natural history museums to begin mislabelling specimens for the betterment of the public. I am simply saying that, as museum professionals, we have been given the opportunity to develop unique, complex – and sometimes illogical – relationships with the objects that we house in museums. Perhaps we should afford our visitors the same opportunity.

22 January 2019

NON-MUSEUM EXHIBITIONS

Special Feature | Selin Kahramanoglu

Welcome back, our holiday hiatus is over! The third part of my “alternative conservation” series will be completed in the following two articles of Conservation Tips & Tricks. However, this month, we will briefly turn our attention to a special feature about non-museum exhibitions!

Gucci store front window reminds of a museum display. Photo courtesy of Selin Kahramanoglu.
Let’s consider the “non-museum” exhibition, which is a type of exhibition that is outside the realm of the museum. This does not mean outdoor installations, or art gallery exhibitions, because those are still museum-context exhibitions. I am talking about exhibitions that are on display for public viewing, which have no association to any cultural institution (meaning, they have nothing related to museums and galleries of art, history, or science).

What are you talking about Selin? Has your brain stopped working from eating too many chocolate chip cookies over the holiday break? That may be true, but I’m also very interested in this topic! Whether you’ve noticed it or not, you’ve probably come across these special kinds of exhibitions.

Hermes' store front window resembling an art display. Photo courtesy of Selin Kahramanoglu.
If it’s outside of the museum world, then what do I mean by an “exhibition”? Based on my own knowledge, I’ve generated some criteria that is necessary to define exhibitions...
To me, an exhibition would:
  • Present a “big idea” or main topic
  • Display a select number of objects from a larger collection, which interprets the main topic
  • Be curated for a particular public audience
  • Correlate with the larger organization’s mission and/or vision
  • Seem aesthetically and/or intellectually stimulating
  • Likely have an explanatory panel, or curatorial statement
Sounds like a museum exhibition, doesn’t it? Except, we can apply these criteria to non-museum displays. Think about these two cases:

1) The department store window. 

Have you ever passed Swarovski, Louis Vuitton, or Holt Renfrew on Bloor Street and thought, “Wow, that’s some display they’ve got” and then sigh because you can't afford such extravagances? Is that just me, then? In any case, these clothing displays are an example of a non-museum exhibition! 


Some stores even have a statement by the store’s artistic director about the collection on display: If it is an especially expensive brand, there can be an easel mounted in the store’s entrance, where a poster can explain the reasons behind the mannequins’ poses, colour palette, and quality of items selected in the window display. Have a look at Amy's article about Muji, the Japanese retail store, for an example of in-store curatorial statements!

When it comes to the department stores, the goal is to inspire upper-middle purchases, by advertising the store’s products in the window. The displays catch the attention of a passerby, and draws their interest for the items being sold. Here, the department store’s motivation is commercial, which is also frequently seen in museum gift shops. To add, the display is a direct reflection of the store’s vision of their own brand, and the type of customer that would purchase their merchandise.


2) The trade show or fair.

There’s a reason why the Exhibition Place in Toronto is given that name. Consider the motorcycle and boat shows, or a fair with food stalls. How many times have you passed by a poutine stand and thought, “Ohh, that looks good,” before you bought two orders? Recall the world fairs, where people from all over the world would have their own booth to present their newest innovations. These scenarios also present non-museum exhibitions.


Again, a select number of items are being displayed in the hope that the audience finds it interesting, appealing, and worth seeing. There are even pamphlets and maps being handed out to provide more information, similar to museum guides. All the items for sale at these shows and fairs, are set up in a way that is easily seen and accessible for visitors. Sometimes, there may be labels describing the items and wayfinding signs to help navigate the space.

There are “tour guides” that exist, providing you with context for the items on display: Think about the farmer at the food fair who is eager to tell you about his best produce, and how much care and effort it took to make his famous peach jam. These people have a target audience, and a pitch, as they try to draw in a customer to look at the items on display.

Non-museum exhibitions are mimicking the cultural institution's approach to attracting customers, through their displays of objects. I hope you take a good look around the next time you go shopping, or when you visit a fair. Think about which items are on display and how they are organized in a way to attract your attention. Do the objects reflect the organization’s brand or their mission? Are there any contextual guides that help you understand the items better? 

Keep an eye out for other non-museum exhibitions, because there are many all around us!

30 October 2018

CONSIDERING CORPSES

Museum Innovations | Keelan Cashmore


What do dead animals and museums have in common?

A lot, surprisingly.
I found this article on Facebook one day, and it led me down an interesting rabbit hole, culminating in museums, dead animals, and some incredible stories.

The Natural History Museum Rotterdam features an exhibition entitled Dead-Animals-With-A-Story.

Natural History Museum Rotterdam. Source.

At first glance it may seem morbid.

Dark.

Macabre.

Creepy.

I suppose it is. But if you take a closer look you will understand that it’s not just about showcasing dead animals.


So, what is dead animals with a story?

It is an exhibit featuring animal corpses with peculiar histories.
Museum director and ornithologist Kees Moeliker states that these creatures are not oddities, and that the exhibit speaks to the human-wildlife coexistence (source).

An example of this is the “CERN Weasel”. In 2016, a weasel jumped the fence of the Large Hadron Collider (the largest machine on earth) and crashed into an 18 000-volt transformer. But the story doesn’t end there (source).

CERN Weasel at the Natural History Museum Rotterdam. Source.

The weasel died, but it also shut down the machine for a week.

Another example is the “Domino Sparrow.” 

Domino Sparrow at the Natural History Museum Rotterdam. Source.

On National Domino Day in 2005, volunteers attempted to break the domino-knocking Guinness World Record but were thwarted when a sparrow tipped over 23 000 of the dominoes. The bird was then shot, sparking a major controversy (source).

Then we have the “Parliament Mouse”. 

Parliament Mouse at the Natural History Museum Rotterdam. Source.
The mouse was living in the Dutch Parliament’s House of Representatives in 2012 during a major rodent infestation. Moeliker had requested a specimen for the museum but was denied. One day, however, he came home to find an anonymous letter from the House of Representatives containing a trapped mouse (source).

One example that I believe truly speaks to the importance of understanding human-animal interaction is the “McFlurry Hedgehog”. 

McFlurry Hedgehog at the Natural History Museum Rotterdam. Source.

Hedgehogs love dairy and tend to root around empty ice cream containers that have been tossed away. However, their spines make it impossible for them to exit some containers, effectively trapping and suffocating them (source).


But why is this innovative?

There are countless exhibits on human interaction with nature. Taxidermy in museums, especially natural history museums, is not uncommon.

It’s innovative because it brings the macabre into the light. Humans have a nasty habit of ignoring things that don’t affect us. But bringing these corpses into a museum and telling their stories forces us to re-examine that belief. Despite being quite gruesome, it captures our attention. And even if it’s something we don’t want to remember, it is presented in a way that is impossible to forget. 

Dead-Animals-With-A-Story Gallery. Source.

4 October 2018

MONSTERS ON DISPLAY: AN EXHIBITION AT THE THOMAS FISHER RARE BOOK LIBRARY

Special Feature | Selin Kahramanoglu

Interested in unicorns? Giant sea creatures attacking sailing ships? The tales of world travels and scientific discoveries? The Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library has a new exhibition open, called De Monstris: An Exhibition of Monsters and the Wonders of Human Imagination. This month's post will be a featured article about this exciting new exhibition, including some of my insights as an intern with the project!

Photo courtesy of Selin Kahramanoglu.
Curated by Fisher librarian, David Fernandez, this exhibition explores how the West came to understand monsters and ideas of monstrosity throughout history and varying disciplines. The exhibition utilizes literature and illustrations from areas such as science, religion, philosophy, and arts. The exhibition incorporates texts from the classical period, up until the modern age.

Through physical displays and interactive iPads, the exhibition highlights five main themes:
  1. On Monstrous People: Classical and medieval texts explore the creation of monsters through topics like divine rejection and prodigies. 
  2. On Monstrous Encounters: Journals of exploration and geographies tell the tales of finding monsters while discovering the world. 
  3. On Monstrous Nature: Philosophers and natural historians ponder the origins of monsters, and how society understands them.
  4. On Monstrous Bodies: Medical theorists debate whether human deformities and diseases are elements of monstrosity. 
  5. On Monstrous Stories: Items such as children's storybooks and illustrative pamphlets reveal artists' creations of monsters in recent popular culture.
Is it starting to catch your interest? Let me tell you how much I enjoyed working on this project...
As a summer intern, I had the privilege of assisting the curator with this project by preparing the digital exhibition content. The goal of my work was to digitize images for the online catalogue, some of which are used in the iPads. With these devices, visitors can "flip through" the iPad and see more hidden illustrations from the books behind the glass cases. Here is how I helped with this component of the exhibition:

Research & Curation: David already had a preliminary list of items he wanted to include in the exhibition, so I started from there. I searched the catalogues of the University of Toronto and other institutions to find items that suited David's criteria. Then, I would request the items, and sift through every page to find suitable imagery to display. I created a list of items that didn't have the appropriate exhibition requirements, so that I wouldn't repeat myself and search for them again.
  • This was the exhibition phase that took the longest to complete. However, as a book nerd, I often admired the large stack of 18th century books with intricate bindings and cover art on my desk. 
Data Documentation: All illustrations and texts have data associated with them, and I needed to record this information accurately and efficiently. It was important for library visitors to clearly understand the labels, and for future scholars to be able to retrieve all necessary information. I made two metadata documents with differing levels of detail - one document had only the necessary "tombstone" information for the labels, while the other document had all the detailed data for all researched items.
  • This phase was very rewarding, because it allowed me to apply all the knowledge that I gained from my Archives & Records Management courses up to that point. 
Digitizing: I can tell you first hand that all of the illustrations that I scanned have stunning artistry. By consulting my metadata document with the tombstone information, I digitized all the illustrations that were meant for the iPad displays. I also did some basic editing like cropping the image, resizing it to a standard measurement, and changing the file format.
  • This phase was the most enjoyable for me, because I got to work with beautiful illustrations and bindings. My favourite item is a map of a sea voyage, where a sailor documented an encounter with a female marine creature (and it's on display, so go see it)!
Uploading: Once all the items were selected, with their data collected, and then digitized, all of this information was finally uploaded to the library's server. I met with other colleagues involved with the project and we discussed the iPad interface, and how to best organize the data so that it makes sense to visitors and is visually appealing.
  • This phase was finished last, and it was also the quickest to complete. I really felt like a true library professional, especially by contributing to staff discussions and by utilizing modern library technologies.

Even though I'm biased, this exhibition is not only interesting, but is also easy to access and has free admission! The Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library also showcases some of their rarest and most famous items, like the illustrations of Ulisse Aldrovandi. Visiting the exhibition is a great way to discover the library, if you haven't already visited it.

Lucky for iSchool students and visitors to Toronto, the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library is located in the middle of the University of Toronto's St. George campus. If you need to take a class on a field trip, you have an hour until your lunch meeting, or if you're excited about the topic, stop by the exhibition! Grab a friend and go to the main Robarts Library building, head up to the second floor's south wing and see for yourself.


Let me know what you think about the exhibition in the comments below! Stay tuned for the return of my column, Conservation Tips & Tricks, starting up next month.

6 April 2018

PRINCE ALBERT & HENRY COLE: WHAT'S SO GREAT ABOUT THE GREAT EXHIBITION?

WALK OF FAME

BY: SERENA YPELAAR

Hi, Musings readers! This is my penultimate post for the blog (!!!). Reflecting on my MMSt journey and all that I've learned about what museums were, what they are, and where they are going, I wanted to take this final Walk of Fame back to one of the earlier iterations of museums: The Great Exhibition.

The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations was an international exhibition organized by Prince Albert, prince consort of Queen Victoria, and Henry Cole. Their intention was to showcase British imperial prosperity and the might of the Industrial Revolution by exhibiting manufactured goods. Exhibitions comprised the display of raw materials and their manufactured counterparts, which of course included resources and products from overseas. The Great Exhibition was housed in the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, built specifically for the event. It took place between May 1st and October 15th, 1851.

Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, from Dickinson's Comprehensive Images of the Great Exhibition of 1851. Source.
At this point you may be wondering, "why are you using your final post to talk about two Victorian white men who created the Great Exhibition?"

In short, I'd like to use the Great Exhibition to explore the colonial origins of museums. How can we respond to these early conventions to operate modern museums that serve their diverse and multicultural communities, especially in a place like Canada? The two individuals below represent members of a hierarchical society that don't necessarily make up the visitor population today, but their work can inform what we do.


Henry Cole
Henry Cole.
Source.

An inventor and British civil servant, Henry Cole (1808-1882) sought support for the exhibitions through his involvement with the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce (RSA). He was dedicated to improving the standards of industrial design, and ultimately secured Prince Albert's patronage for exhibitions on art manufactures between 1847 and 1849.

After visiting the 11th Quinquennial Paris Exhibition in 1849, Cole aspired to expand the RSA's planned exhibitions for 1850 and 1851 to international participants, so in 1850 he obtained Queen Victoria's backing to establish the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851.

Cole's dedication to artistic and scientific pursuits led to his creation of what's considered the first commercial Christmas card, in 1843. He was adamant that the Great Exhibition's profits be allocated to the purchase of land for the South Kensington Museum, of which Cole was the first director. Established in 1852, the museum is now the Victoria & Albert Museum, and has a Henry Cole wing.


Prince Albert 


Prince Albert, c. 1848. Source.
Prince Albert (1819-1861)'s role in the Great Exhibition reflects his class in relation to Cole; while Cole and the RSA were the mobilizing force behind the Exhibition, the Prince Consort was enthusiastic in his support of it.

Prince Albert was lauded as the mastermind of the Exhibition, and his vision resulted in the profit of the showcase, bringing in £186,000. It was by Prince Albert's decree that the funds be used to “increase the means of industrial education and extend the influence of science and art upon productive industry”, ultimately contributing to the creation of what is now known as the V&A.

Beyond the Royal Family, who visited the Exhibition three times, prominent Britons at the time also made appearances, such as Charles Darwin, Charlotte Brontë, Lewis Carroll, Charles Dickens, George Eliot, and Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Though other individuals such as Karl Marx disapproved of the Exhibition for sensationalizing capitalism, six million people visited in total.


What does remembering the Great Exhibition mean for us today?

Countries from the world could exhibit their industrial accomplishments, but the Great Exhibition was primarily intended to prove British superiority. As a colonial engine, therefore, the Exhibition is an example of how museums and their exhibitions can perpetuate a hegemonic agenda.

Nevertheless, we don't have to resign ourselves to this prospect. Rather, we know that through conscious and responsible interpretation we can subvert and overturn these notions of superiority - whether by class, race, gender, sexual orientation, or culture - and aspire to capture empathetic responses to the human experience.

Rather than exhibiting differences in a way that creates hierarchies, we can celebrate those differences and learn from them with a positive vision. That's my hope for the general direction of museums today, and in the future - but as museum professionals we're responsible to go beyond hope and create change through action.

Thank you all for coming on this Walk of Fame with me all term. Going forward, I hope we don't simply dismiss the past as something irrelevant to us, but instead examine it in a way that serves our commitment to progress today.